Physics
Acoustics | Aerodynamics | Audiometry | Chaos | Classical Mechanics | Electricity and Magnetism | Electronics | Elementary Particles | Fluid Dynamics | Lab Techniques | Lasers | Optical Illusions | Optics | Quantum Mechanics | Rocketry | Thermodynamics

topAcoustics
 

May, 1982. What Makes You Sound So Good When You Sing in the Shower?
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible) Utility: 

October, 1978. Some Whispering Galleries Are Simply Sound Reflectors, But Others Are More Mysterious
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1972. Sound Waves and Radio Waves Are Recorded on Film By Means of a Precooling Process
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

January, 1956. About Experiments with Sound for the High-Fidelity Enthusiast
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

topAerodynamics
 

November, 1997. Caught in a Wind Tunnel
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

September, 1988. Shock Front Phenomena and Other Oddities to Entertain a Bored Airline Passenger
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

August, 1988. Some Entertaining Lessons in Optics That May Make Air Travel Easier to Endure
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

June, 1988. Does Convection or the Bernoulli Principle Make the Shower Curtain Flutter Inward?
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

March, 1985. A Field Formula for Calculating the Speed and Flight Efficiency of a Soaring Bird
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1981. The Aerodynamics of the Samara: Winged Seed of Maple, the Ash and Other Trees
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

April, 1979. More on Boomerangs, Including Their Connection Whit the Dimpled Golf Ball
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1979. Boomerangs! How to Make Them and Also How They Fly
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

February, 1978. Introducing the Musha, the Double Lozenge and a Number of Other Kits to Build and Fly
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

December, 1974. Hang Gliding, or Sky Surfing, with a High-Performance, Low-Speed Wing
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

July, 1972. An Amateur Makes a Wind Tunnel to Study the Vortexes That Form Around a Cylinder
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1969. The Lore and Aerodynamics of Making Flying Kites
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1966. How to Build a Wind Tunnel That Achieves Supersonic Speeds with a Vacuum System
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

May, 1955. How to Make an Aerodynamic Smoke Tunnel and More about the Puzzle of the 12 Balls
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1953. About a Small Wind Tunnel, Cloud Chambers and "Primitive" Techniques of Measurements
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

topAudiometry
 

October, 1997. Recording the Sounds of Life
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

January, 1996. Recording Nature's Sounds
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1984. People Listening to a Bell Can Perceive Sounds the Bell Does Not Really Make
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

topChaos
 

November, 1999. Falling into Chaos
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: Beginner to intermediate Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

August, 1993. Circuits That Get Chaos in Sync
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

January, 1992. How to Generate Chaos At Home
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

February, 1988. The Feathery Wake of a Moving Boat Is a Complex Interference Pattern
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

topClassical Mechanics
 

August, 1989. How to Analyze the Shock Waves That Sweep Through Expressway Traffic
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1988. Why Sidespin Helps the Bowler to Keep Scoring Strikes
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

August, 1987. Music and Ammonia Vapor Excite the Color Pattern of a Soap Film
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

February, 1987. The Secret of a Microwave Oven's Rapid Cooking Action Is Disclosed
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

October, 1985. Strange Things Happen When Two Pendulums Interact Through a Variety of Interconnections
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

December, 1984. Edge Waves Form a Spokelike Pattern When Vibrations Are Set Up in a Liquid
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

September, 1984. Success in Racquetball Is Enhanced By Knowing the Physics of the Collision of the Ball with Wall
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

February, 1984. How to Stop a Spinning Object By Humming and Perceive Curious Blue Arcs Around the Light
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1983. Thinking about Physics While Scared to Death (on a Falling Roller Coaster)
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

July, 1983. The Physics of the Follow, the Draw and the Mass* (in Billiards and Pool)
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

October, 1982. Delights of the "Wobbler," a Coin or a Cylinder That Precesses As It Spins
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1981. The Physics of Spinning Tops, Including Some Far-Out Ones
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

September, 1978. The Bring Colors in a Soap Film Are a Lesson in Wave Interference
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1972. What Happens to the Fluid in the Tanks of a Spacecraft Falling Freely in Space?
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

September, 1970. Curious Oscillators That Involve Salt Water, Flame and Hot Wire
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

December, 1968. How to Make a Wave Machine to Simulate the Building and Destruction of Beaches
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

May, 1965. Zany Mechanical Devices That Draw the Figures Knows As Harmonograms
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1963. How to Make and Investigate Vortexes in Water and Flame
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

September, 1963. How to Repeat Cavendish's Experiment for Determining the Constant of Gravity
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

October, 1962. How to Make a Ripple Tank to Examine Wave Phenomena
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

August, 1960. A Second Article about How Two Amateurs Refined the Accuracy of a Pendulum Clock
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

July, 1960. How Two Distinguished Amateurs Set about Refining the Accuracy of a Pendulum Clock
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON OBSOLETE TECHNOLOGY.

October, 1955. Some Simple Apparatus for Studying the Dynamics Airflow and Waterflow
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

December, 1994. Measuring the Energy Drain on Your Car
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

February, 1990. When a Polymer Sheet Is Stretched, It May "Neck" Long Before It Snaps
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

January, 1990. A Backyard Version of the Stirling Engine Can Be Built with Common Materials
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

December, 1989. Why Are the First Few Puffs the Hardest When You Blow Up a Balloon?
Cost:NA Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

June, 1989. The Mechanics of Rock Climbing, or Surviving the Ultimate Physics Exam
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: NA Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1989. How to Get a Playground Swing Going: a First Lesson in the Mechanics of Rotation
Cost:NA Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

February, 1989. In an Emergency Stop, Should a Car's Wheels Be Locked or Should the Braking Be Controlled?
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

October, 1988. Drop Two Stacked Balls From Waist Height; the Top Ball May Bounce Up to the Ceiling
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1986. Cracks in a Surface Look Intricately Random but Actually Develop Rather Systematically
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

May, 1986. Wire That "Remembers" Its Shape Is Put to Work Running an Engine
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1985. Fly Casting Illuminates the Physics of Fishing
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

August, 1984. Deep Thinking on Dominoes Falling in a Row and Leaning Out From the Edge of a Table
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

August, 1983. In Which Simple Equation Show Whether a Knot Will Hold or Slip
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

June, 1983. What Causes the Color in Plastic Objects Stressed Between Two Polarizing Filters?
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

September, 1982. When Different Powders Are Shaken, They Seem to Have Lives of Their Own
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

June, 1982. The Essence of Ballet Maneuvers Is Physics
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

July, 1980. In Judo and Aikido Application of the Physics of Forces Makes the Weak Equal to the Strong
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

October, 1979. The Mysterious "Rattleback": a Stone That Spins in One Direction and Then Reverses
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

February, 1979. Strange to Relate, Smokestacks and Pencil Points Break in the Same Way
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1971. An Osmotic Pump, an Unusual Timer and How to Enhance Contrast in Astronomical Photographs
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

April, 1971. Some Delightful Engines Driven By the Heating of Rubber Bands
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

August, 1968. Analyzing How a Stone Skips and Turning Sound into Heat
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

April, 1967. Little Pendulums That Oscillate Like Big Ones
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

January, 1964. The Dynamics of a Golf Club and the Aerodynamics of Air-Supported Vehicles
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

December, 1956. A Computer to Solve a Problem of Mechanical Translation and an Ingenious Cloud Chambers
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

topElectricity and Magnetism
 

March, 2000. An Automated Precision Magentometer
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: Danger 1: (No Hazards)  Utility: 

December, 1993. Electronic Fireflies
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1993. Making Fluids into Solids with Magnets
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1982. Motors in Which Magnets Attract Other Magnets in Apparent Perpetual Motion
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

October, 1974. Electrostatic Motors Are Powered By Electric Field of the Earth
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1968. How to Make Electrets, Devices That Hold Electrostatic Charge
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

January, 1967. The Study of Electrostatic Effects and Convection Currents in Liquids
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

November, 1960. How to Make an Electret: the Device That Permanently Maintains an Electric Charge
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

June, 1960. Concerning Experiments with Rubber and How to Re-Create a Classical Electrostatic Generator
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

May, 1957. Experiments Which Show That the Earth Functions As an Electrostatic Machine
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

April, 1955. About Historic and Modern Machines for the Generation of Static Electricity
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!) Utility: 

topElectronics
 

May, 1973. Microelectronic Flip-Flops and NAND Gates Add Up to a High-Speed Counter
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

January, 1971. On the Differential Operational Amplifier, a Device That Simulates Almost Anything
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

August, 1961. Some Diverting Devices That Apply the Concept of Negative Resistance
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

topElementary Particles
 

January, 2001. A Canteen Cloud Chamber
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: Danger 1: (No Hazards)  Utility: 

February, 2001. Counting Particles from Space
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: Danger 1: (No Hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1989. How to Build a Planck-Mass Accelerator in Your Solar System
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: THIS COLUMN IS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST ONLY.

April, 1988. How to Map Electrically Charged Patches with Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

February, 1986. A Homemade Device for Testing Particle Scattering; Experiments in Zero Gravity
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

August, 1971. How to Build a Machine to Produce Low-Energy Protons and Deuterons
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EXPERT; ADVANCED AMATEUR OR PROFESSIONAL. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

April, 1965. How the Amateur Can Identify Subatomic Particles From Their Tracks in Photographs
Cost:NA Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

May, 1960. How the Amateur Can Perform Experiments That Call for the Use of Radioactive Isotopes
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON OBSOLETE TECHNOLOGY.

June, 1959. How to Fit a Diffusion Cloud-Chamber with a Magnet and Other Accessories
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

May, 1959. How to Recreate the Apparatus with Which the Charge of the Electron Was Measured
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON OBSOLETE TECHNOLOGY.

January, 1959. How to Make an Electrostatic Machine to Accelerate Both Electrons and Protons
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: EXPERT; ADVANCED AMATEUR OR PROFESSIONAL. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

July, 1956. Concerning an Inexpensive and Safe Method for the Generation of X-Rays
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

April, 1956. More about Making a Cloud Chamber to Reveal the Paths of Nuclear Particles
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

September, 1954. Largely about an Artist's Earnest Attempt to Depict the Particles of Modern Physics
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: THIS COLUMN IS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST ONLY.

September, 1953. About Sundials and the Cyclotron, the Latter Built By a Group of Bold High School Boys
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: EXPERT; ADVANCED AMATEUR OR PROFESSIONAL. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

April, 1953. About a Small Wind Tunnel, Cloud Chambers and "Primitive" Techniques of Measurements
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1953. On Scintillation Counters and How a Group of Amateurs Helped to Build a Planetarium
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

September, 1952. About Home-Made Cloud Chambers and the Fine Telescope of a Portuguese Navy Officer
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

topFluid Dynamics
 

May, 2000. Fun With Flat Flutds
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: Danger 1: (No Hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1989. How to Build a Hele-Shaw Cell and Watch Bubbles Playing Tag in a Viscous Fluid
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1987. Fluid Interfaces, Including Fractal Flows, Can Be Studied in a Hele-Shaw Cell
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

September, 1987. Sticky Threadlike Substances That Tend to Drawn Themselves Out into Bead Arrays
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

July, 1987. Why a Fluid Flows Faster When the Tube Is Pinched
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1986. Exotic Patterns Appear in Water When It Is Freezing or Melting
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

September, 1985. What Forces Shape the Behavior of Water As a Drop Meanders Down a Windowpane
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1985. Experiments with the External-Combustion Fluidyne Engine, Which Has Liquid Pistons
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

October, 1984. The Troublesome Teapot Effect, or Why a Poured Liquid Clings to the Container
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

December, 1983. Funny Things Happen When Drops of Oil or Other Substances Are Placed on Water
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

May, 1983. What Causes the "Tears" That Form on the Inside of a Glass of Wine?
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

December, 1982. What Happens When Water Boils Is a Lot More Complicated Than You Might Think
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

December, 1981. Reflection on the Rising Bubbles in a Bottle of Beer
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

September, 1981. Why Do Honey and Syrup Form a Coil When They Are Poured
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

April, 1981. The Charm of Hydraulic Jumps, Starting with Those Observed in the Kitchen Sink
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

December, 1979. The Physics and Chemistry of a Failed Sauce B*arnaise
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

August, 1979. Delights of Forming Water into Sheets and Bells with Knives, Spoons and Other Objects
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1978. Serious Fun with Polyox, Silly Putty, Slime and Other Non-Newtonian Fluids
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

June, 1978. Drops of Liquid Can Be Made to Float on the Liquid. What Enables Them to Do So?
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1977. Wonders of Physics That Can Be Found in a Cup of Coffee or Tea
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

October, 1977. The Salt Fountain and Other Curiosities Based on the Different Density of Fluids
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1975. The Ultimate in Sailing Is a Rig Without a Hull
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1974. Curious Bubbles in Which a Gas Encloses a Liquid Instead of the Other Way Around
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

August, 1973. Water Droplets That Float on Water, and Lissajous Figures Made with a Pendulum
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

July, 1973. How to Blow Bubbles That Survive for Years
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

June, 1971. Experiments with Salt Fountains and Related Instabilities in Water
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

November, 1968. Experiments with Various Liquids That Do Not Mix
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

July, 1967. How to Construct Fluid Models That Simulate Fields of Force
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

May, 1962. How to Study the Diffusion of Liquids and a Sensitive Exposure Meter
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1957. On Testing Boat Designs Without a Towing Tank, and Skipping Stones on the Beach
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

August, 1956. Concerning the Professional Study of an Amateur Sport: Sailing Boats
Cost:NA Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

topLab Techniques
 

December, 2000. Calibrating with Cold
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: Danger 1: (No Hazards)  Utility: 

October, 2000. Down Among the Micrograms
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: Danger 1: (No Hazards)  Utility: 

April, 2000. A Furnace in a Thermos
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

November, 1999. Falling into Chaos
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

October, 1999. Modeling the Atomic Universe
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1997. Algorithm of the Gods
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

February, 1995. Producing Light From a Bubble of Air
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

May, 1984. In Which Heating a Wire Tell a Lot about Changes in the Crystal Structure of Steel
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

January, 1983. Simple and Vivid Demonstrations of Advanced Concepts in Physics
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

August, 1978. Observations on Grinding Glass By Hand and on Making the Most of a Fireplace
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1965. The Semiconducting "Hall Device" Opens Up a Broad New Field of Experimentation
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

July, 1965. The Semiconducting "Hall Device" Opens Up a Broad New Field of Experimentation
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

August, 1962. How Streams of Water Can Be Used to Create Analogues of Electronic Tubes and Circuits
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1962. How an Electric Field Can Modulate Light By Changing the Refractivity of a Crystal
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON OBSOLETE TECHNOLOGY.

November, 1961. A High School Student Builds a Plasma Jet Generator That Attains Solar Temperatures
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: EXPERT; ADVANCED AMATEUR OR PROFESSIONAL. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

September, 1961. How the Amateur Can Experiment with Films Only One Molecule Thick
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1958. About a Remarkably Simple Device to Attain Low Temperatures and Various Other Matter
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

November, 1958. About a Remarkably Simple Device to Attain Low Temperatures and Various Other Matter
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

June, 1958. How to Make a Pendulum That Will Demonstrate the Rotation of the Earth
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

November, 1956. A Homemade Interferometer: the Instrument That Can Be Used to Measure a Light Wave
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

topLasers
 

April, 1990. A Homemade Laser That Emits Powerful Bursts of Green and Yellow Light
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

May, 1989. How to Stop Worrying about Vibration and Make Holograms Viewable in White Light
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

February, 1982. The "Speckle" on a Surface Lit By Laser Light Can Be Seen with Other Kinds of Illumination
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

January, 1981. More about Edifying Visual Spectacles Produces By Laser
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

October, 1980. A Homemade Mercury-Vapor Ion Laser That Emits Both Green and Red-Orange
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

August, 1980. Dazzling Laser Displays That Shed Light on Light
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

February, 1980. Easy Ways to Make Holograms and View Fluid Flow, and More Funny Fluids
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

June, 1974. An Unusual Kind of Gas Laser That Puts Out Pulses in the Ultraviolet
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

June, 1973. A Laser Beam and a Photocell Are Used to Measure the Dirt Content of Water
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

March, 1973. Infrared for the Amateur: Infrared Diode Lasers and an Infrared Filter
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

February, 1972. A Simple Laser Interferometer, an Inexpensive Infrared Viewer and Simulated Chromatograms
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

September, 1971. A Carbon Dioxide Laser Is Constructed By a High School Student in California
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: EXPERT; ADVANCED AMATEUR OR PROFESSIONAL. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

July, 1971. How to Ensure a Good Hologram and How to Build an Unusual Kind of Barometer
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

November, 1970. A Modulator Is Constructed for Laser Light, and Phase-Contrast Microscopy Is Simulated
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON OBSOLETE TECHNOLOGY.

February, 1970. A Tunable Laser Using Organic Dye Is Made At Home for Less Than $75
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)   Utility: 

February, 1969. How to Construct an Argon Gas Laser with Outputs At Several Wavelengths
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

February, 1967. How to Make Holograms and Experiment with Them or Ready-Made Holograms
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!) Utility: 

December, 1965. Deep Sky Photographs with a 35-Millimeter Camera and More about the Homemade Laser
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

September, 1964. How a Persevering Amateur Can Build a Gas Laser in the Home
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: EXPERT; ADVANCED AMATEUR OR PROFESSIONAL. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

topOptical Illusions
 

November, 1989. Colored Segments of a Grid Can Shed a Diffuse Glow Like the Light From a Neon Tube
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1989. What Do Phonograph Records Have in Common with Windshield Wipers?
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1988. The Caf*-Wall Illusion, in Which Rows of Tiles Tilt That Should Not Tilt At All
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

January, 1988. What Explains Subjective-Contour Illusions, Those Bright Spots That Are Not Really There?
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

May, 1987. Concerning Disappearances, Including the Cheshire Cat's Odd Vanishing Act
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

November, 1986. The Hyperscope and Pseudoscope Aid Experiments on Three-Dimensional Vision
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

September, 1986. Rainbow Holograms, Unlike Conventional Ones, Can Be Observed in Ordinary Light
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1986. Methods and Optics of Perceiving Color in Black-and-White Grating
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

December, 1985. The Kaleidoscope Now Comes Equipped with Flashing Diodes and Focusing Lenses
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

February, 1985. Bidwell's Ghost and Other Phenomena Associated with the Positive Afterimage
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

July, 1982. In Which a Lifesaver Lights Up in the Mouth and Light Takes Funny Bounces Through a Lens
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

May, 1981. About Phosphenes: Luminous Patterns That Appear When the Eyes Are Closed
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

November, 1980. More about Random-Dot Displays, Plus Computer Programs to Generate Them
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

May, 1980. Illusions in the Snow: More Fun with Random Dots on the Television Screen
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1980. Visual Illusion in Random-Dot Patterns and Television "Snow"
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

December, 1978. Moire Effects, the Kaleidoscope and Other Victorian Diversions
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1978. Visual Illusions That Can Be Achieved By Putting a Dark Filter Over One Eye
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

March, 1971. Generating Visual Illusions with Two Kinds of Apparatus
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

topOptics
 

February, 1994. Making a Mirror By Spinning a Liquid
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

March, 1992. Seeing Infrared
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

September, 1989. A Drop of Water Becomes a Gateway into the World of Catastrophe Optics
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

January, 1989. The Colors Seen in the Sky Offer Lessons in Optical Scattering
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

December, 1988. The Distorted Images Seen in Christmas-Tree Ornaments and Other Reflecting Balls
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

July, 1988. Shadows Cast on the Bottom of a Pool Are Not Like Other Shadows. Why?
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

January, 1987. Reflections From a Water Surface Display Some Curious Properties
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

April, 1986. Wonders with the Retroreflector, a Mirror That Removes Distortion From a Light Beam
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

June, 1985. How the Sun's Reflection From Water Offers a Means of Calculating the Slopes of Waves
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1984. A Ball Bearing Aids in the Study of Light and Also Serves As a Lens
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

March, 1984. What Is a Fish's View of a Fisherman and the Fly He Has Cast on the Water?
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

September, 1983. Caustics: Mathematical Curves Generated By Light Shined Through Rippled Plastic
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

April, 1983. How Lenses Can Be Made Out of Ice, and What Happens When Coffee Is Brewing in the Ibrik
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1982. Simple Optical Experiments in Which Spatial Filtering Removes the "Noise" From Pictures
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

August, 1981. Interference Patterns Made By Motes on Dusty Mirrors
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

July, 1981. Anamorphic Pictures: Distorted Views From Which Distortion Can Be Removed
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

June, 1979. Experiments with Edwin Land's Method of Getting Color Out of Black and White
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

January, 1978. More about Polarizers and How to Use Them, Particularly for Studying Polarized Sky Light
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

December, 1977. Studying Polarized Light with Quarter-Wave and Half-Wave Plates of One's Own Making
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

July, 1977. How to Create and Observe a Dozen Rainbows in a Single Drop of Water
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1954. About the Eye of the Snake and, By Curious Coincidence, a Telescope Like a Gigantic Eye
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: THIS COLUMN IS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST ONLY.

topQuantum Mechanics
 

January, 1984. The Spectra of Streetlights Illuminate Basic Principles of Quantum Mechanics
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

January, 1983. Simple and Vivid Demonstrations of Advanced Concepts in Physics
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

topRocketry
 

December, 1997. Taking Back the Final Frontier
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: 

June, 1957. About the Activities and the Trials of Amateur Rocket Experimenters
Cost:$100+ Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON OBSOLETE TECHNOLOGY.

March, 1954. About Snakes, the Other Side of the Moon and Unusual Telescopes to Follow Rockets
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

topThermodynamics
 

August, 1985. Cooking Outdoors with Simple Equipment Demonstrates Aspects of Thermal Physics
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 2: (Minor injury possible)  Utility: 

April, 1984. The Physics of Grandmother's Peerless Homemade Ice Cream
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

February, 1983. Thermal Oscillators: Systems That Seesaw, Buzz or Howl Under the Influence of Heat
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: BEGINNER TO INTERMEDIATE Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

December, 1980. The Physics of the Patterns of Frost on a Window, Plus an Easy-to-Read Sundial
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

November, 1979. Flames in Which Air Is Introduced into a Flammable Gas Rather Than Vice Versa
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: ADVANCED; SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 4: (POSSIBLY LETHAL!!)  Utility: 

April, 1978. The Physics and Chemistry Underlying the Infinite Charm of a Candle Flame
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: EASY; NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 1: (No hazards)  Utility: 

September, 1977. Hot Water Freezes Faster Than Cold Water. Why Does It Do So?
Cost:NA Difficulty: NA Danger 0: (NA)  Utility: 

August, 1977. Drops of Water Dance on a Hot Skillet and the Experimenter Walks on Hot Coals
Cost:$0-100 Difficulty: INTERMEDIATE; SOME SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED. Danger 3: (Serious injury possible)  Utility: